University of Cambridge free essay sample

# 1057 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1103 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; I # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1075 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1091 ; # 1103 ; # 1079 ; # 1099 ; # 1082 ; # 1091 ; # 1042 ; # 1099 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; : # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1075 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1087 ; # 1087 ; # 1099 ; # 1052 ; # 1057 ; # 1057 ; -126 # 1054 ; # 1096 ; # 1091 ; # 1088 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1042 ; . # 1044 ; . # 1042 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1076 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1093 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; ( # 1042 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1075 ; # 1043 ; # 1058 ; # 1059 ; ) # 1042 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1076 ; , 2010 # 1075 ; . The University of Cambridge ( informally Cambridge University, or merely Cambridge ) is a public research university located in Cambridge, United Kingdom. It is the 2nd oldest university in both England and the English-speaking universe and the 7th oldest university globally. In post-nominals the university s name is abbreviated as Cantab, a sawed-off signifier of Cantabrigiensis ( an adjective derived fromCantabrigia, the Latinised signifier of Cambridge ) . The university grew out of an association of bookmans in the metropolis of Cambridge that was formed, early records suggest, in 1209 by bookmans go forthing Oxford after a difference with townspeople. The two ancient universities have many common characteristics and are frequently jointly referred to as Oxbridge. In add-on to cultural and practical associations as a historic portion of British society, the two universities have a long history of competition with each other. Academically, Cambridge ranks as one of the universe s top universities, every bit good as a taking university in Europe, and contends with Oxford for first topographic point in UK conference tabular arraies. Affiliates of the University have won more Nobel Prizes than those of any other establishment in the universe with 88 Nobel Laureates as of October 4, 2010 the most recent one being Robert G. Edwards for the award in physiology or medical specialty. The University is a member of the Russell Group of research-led British universities, the Coimbra Group, the League of European Research Universities and the International Alliance of Research Universities. It forms portion of the Golden Triangle of British universities. History Cambridge # 8217 ; s position was enhanced by a charter in 1231 from King Henry III of England which awarded the ius non trahi supernumerary ( a right to train its ain members ) plus some freedom from revenue enhancements, and a bull in 1233 from Pope Gregory IX that gave alumnuss from Cambridge the right to learn everyplace in Christendom. After Cambridge was described as a studiumgenerale in a missive by Pope Nicholas IV in 1290, and confirmed as such in a bull by Pope John XXII in 1318, it became common for research workers from other European medieval universities to come and see Cambridge to analyze or to give talk classs. Administration Cambridge is a collegiate university, intending that it is made up of self-governing and independent colleges, each with its ain belongings and income. Most colleges bring together faculty members and pupils from a wide scope of subjects, and within each module, school or section within the university, faculty members from many different colleges will be found. The modules are responsible for guaranting that talks are given, set uping seminars, executing research and finding the course of study for instruction, overseen by the General Board. Together with the cardinal disposal headed by the Vice-Chancellor, they make up the full Cambridge University. Facilities such as libraries are provided on all these degrees: by the University ( the Cambridge University Library ) , by the sections ( departmental libraries such as the Squire Law Library ) , and by the single colleges ( all of which maintain a multi-discipline library, by and large aimed chiefly at their undergraduates ) . Colleges All pupils and many of the faculty members are attached to colleges, where they socialise. It is besides the topographic point where pupils may have their little group learning Sessionss, known as supervisings. Each college appoints its ain instruction staff and chaps in each topic ; decides which pupils to acknowledge, in conformity with university ordinances ; provides little group learning Sessionss, for undergraduates ( though talks are arranged and grades are awarded by the university ) ; and is responsible for the domestic agreements and public assistance of its ain undergraduates, alumnuss, post-doctoral research workers, and staff in general. The University of Cambridge presently has 31 colleges, of which three, Murray Edwards, Newnham and Lucy Cavendish, admit adult females merely. The other colleges are now assorted, though most were originally all-male. Darwin was the first college to acknowledge both work forces and adult females, while Churchill, Clare and King s colleges were the first antecedently all-male colleges to acknowledge female undergraduates in 1972. Magdalene was the last all-male college to go assorted in 1988. Clare Hall and Darwin admit merely graduate students, and Hughes Hall, Lucy Cavendish, St Edmund # 8217 ; s and Wolfson admit onlymature ( i.e. 21 old ages or older on day of the month of matriculation ) pupils, including alumnus pupils. All other colleges admit both undergraduate and postgraduate pupils with no age limitations. Colleges are non required to acknowledge pupils in all topics, with some colleges taking non to offer topics such as architecture, history of art or divinity, but most o ffer near to the complete scope. Some colleges maintain a prejudice towards certain topics, for illustration with Churchill tilting towards the scientific disciplines and technology, while others such as St Catharine s purpose for a balanced intake.Costs to pupils ( adjustment and nutrient monetary values ) vary well from college to college. Others maintain much more informal reputes, such as for the pupils of King s College to keep leftist political positions, or Robinson College and Churchill College s efforts to understate its environmental impact. There are besides several theological colleges in Cambridge, including Westcott House, Westminster College and Ridley Hall Theological College, that are affiliated to the university and are members of the Cambridge Theological Federation. Teaching The chief method of learning at Cambridge colleges is the supervising. These are typically hebdomadal hour-long Sessionss in which little groups of pupils # 8211 ; normally between one and three # 8211 ; meet with a member of the university s teaching staff or a doctorial pupil. Students are usually required to finish an essay or assignment in progress of the supervising, which they will discourse with the supervisor during the session, along with any concerns or troubles they have had with the stuff presented in that hebdomad s talks. Lectures at Cambridge are frequently described as being about a mere bolt-on to these supervisings. Students receive between one and three supervisings per hebdomad, depending upon their topic. This pedagogical system is frequently cited as being alone to Cambridge and Oxford ( where # 8220 ; supervisings # 8221 ; are known as # 8220 ; tutorials # 8221 ; ) The construct of rating pupils work quantitatively was developed by a coach named William Farish at the University of Cambridge in 1792. Schools, modules and sections In add-on to the 31 colleges, the university is made up of over 150 sections, modules, schools, mobs and other establishments. Members of these are normally besides members of one or more of the colleges and duty for running the full academic programme of the university is divided amongst them. A School in the University of Cambridge is a wide administrative grouping of related modules and other units. Each has an elected supervisory organic structure # 8211 ; the Council of the school # 8211 ; consisting representatives of the constitutional organic structures. Therearesixschools: ArtsandHumanities BiologicalSciences ClinicalMedicine HumanitiesandSocialSciences PhysicalSciences Technology Teaching and research in Cambridge is organised by modules. The modules have different organizational sub-structures which partially reflect their history and partially their operational demands, which may include a figure of sections and other establishments. In add-on, a little figure of organic structures entitled Syndicates have duties for learning and research, e.g. Cambridge Assessment, the University Press, and the University Library. Academic twelvemonth The academic twelvemonth is divided into three footings, determined by the Legislative acts of the University. Michaelmas Term lasts from October to December ; Lent Term from January to March ; and Easter Term from April to June. Within these footings undergraduate learning takes topographic point within eight-week periods called Full Footings. These footings are shorter than those of many other British universities. Undergraduates are besides expected to fix to a great extent in the three vacations ( known as the Christmas, Easter and Long Vacations ) . Student life Sports Cambridge maintains a long tradition of pupil engagement in athletics and diversion. Rowing is a peculiarly popular athletics at Cambridge, and there are competitions between colleges, notably the bumps races, and against Oxford, the Boat Race. There are besides Varsity lucifers against Oxford in many other athleticss, runing from cricket and rugger, to chess and tiddlywinks. Athletes stand foring the university in certain athleticss entitle them to use for a Cambridge Blue at the discretion of the Blues Committee, dwelling of the captains of the 13 most esteemed athleticss. # 1055 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1050 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1050 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; ( # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1092 ; # 1080 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1050 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; ) # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; 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# 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; . # 1048 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1057 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1089 ; # 1050 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1083 ; # 1091 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1091 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1074 ; 1231 # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1105 ; # 1084 ; # 1043 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; III # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1040 ; # 1085 ; # 1075 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; , # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1091 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; IUS, # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1087 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1091 ; # 1089 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1095 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; , # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1078 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; , # 1080 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; 1233 # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1087 ; # 1072 ; # 1087 ; # 1099 ; # 1043 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; IX, # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1087 ; # 1091 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1050 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1072 ; # 1087 ; # 108 8 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1102 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; # 1074 ; # 1093 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; . # 1054 ; # 1088 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1050 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1084 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; , # 1086 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; , # 1095 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1089 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1091 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1102 ; # 1097 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1 078 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; , # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1078 ; # 1076 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1091 ; # 1097 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; . # 1060 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1091 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1091 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; , # 1095 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1100 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; , # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; , # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1100 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1091 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1073 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1084 ; # 1076 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1091 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; , # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1043 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; . # 1058 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1098 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; , # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1073 ; # 1080 ; # 1073 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1093 ; # 1101 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1091 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1103 ; # 1093 ; : # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; ( CambridgeUniversityLibrary ) , # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1099 ; ( # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1073 ; # 1080 ; # 1073 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; , # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1057 ; # 1082 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1081 ; # 1088 ; # 1070 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1103 ; # 1073 ; # 1080 ; # 1073 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; ) , # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; . # 1050 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1080 ; # 1042 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1091 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1079 ; # 1078 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1080 ; , # 1075 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1097 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; . # 1069 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; , # 1075 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1098 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1103 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1075 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1087 ; # 1087 ; # 1099 ; # 1076 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1091 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; . # 1050 ; # 1072 ; # 1078 ; # 1076 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1091 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1078 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1091 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; , # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1096 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; , # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; # 1073 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; # 1090 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; , # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1096 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1075 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1087 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1091 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 108 9 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1076 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; , # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1091 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1093 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1084 ; # 1099 ; # 1080 ; # 1073 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1103 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; , # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1087 ; # 1091 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; , # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1097 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; , # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1074 ; # 1094 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; . # 1050 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1103 ; # 1097 ; # 1077 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1103 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; 31 # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; , # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; , # 1052 ; # 1102 ; # 1088 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; # 1069 ; # 1076 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1076 ; # 1089 ; , # 1053 ; # 1100 ; # 1102 ; # 1085 ; # 1093 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1051 ; # 1102 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1050 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1096 ; , # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1091 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1097 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; . # 1044 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1096 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; , # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1103 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1096 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1084 ; # 1091 ; # 1078 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; . # 1044 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1083 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1074 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1091 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1100 ; # 1084 ; # 1091 ; # 1078 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1080 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1097 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; , # 1074 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1103 ; # 1063 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; , # 1050 ; # 1083 ; # 1101 ; # 1088 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1091 ; # 1078 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; , # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1097 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1074 ; 1972 # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; . # 1052 ; # 1072 ; # 1075 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1083 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1084 ; # 1091 ; # 1078 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; , # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1089 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1096 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1084 ; # 1074 ; 1988 # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; . # 1042 ; # 1050 ; # 1083 ; # 1101 ; # 1088 ; # 1061 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1044 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1091 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; , # 1080 ; # 1061 ; # 1100 ; # 1102 ; # 1079 ; # 1061 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; , # 1051 ; # 1102 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1050 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1096 ; , # 1057 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1082 ; # 1090 ; # 1069 ; # 1076 ; # 1084 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1042 ; # 1091 ; # 1083 ; # 1092 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; onlymature ( # 1090 ; . # 1077 ; . # 1086 ; # 1090 ; 21 # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1096 ; # 1077 ; ) # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; , # 1074 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; . # 1042 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1080 ; # 1073 ; # 1077 ; # 1079 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1079 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; . # 1050 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1103 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; , # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1072 ; # 1093 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; , # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1093 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; , # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1091 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; , # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1096 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1095 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; . # 1053 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1093 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1084 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; , # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; , # 1089 ; # 1063 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1103 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1082 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1091 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1093 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1077 ; , # 1074 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1103 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1076 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; , # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1057 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1082 ; # 1090 ; # 1050 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1073 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; . # 1062 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1076 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; ( # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1078 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1080 ; # 1094 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; # 1082 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; # 1087 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; ) # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; . # 1045 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; # 1074 ; # 1050 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; , # 1074 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1059 ; # 1101 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1090 ; # 1044 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; , # 1042 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1080 ; # 1056 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1072 ; , # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1103 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1095 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1050 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1044 ; # 1091 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1060 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; . # 1055 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1054 ; # 1089 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1084 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1091 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1072 ; # 1093 ; # 1050 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1076 ; # 1079 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; . # 1069 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; , # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; , # 1077 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1099 ; , # 1074 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1096 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1075 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1087 ; # 1087 ; # 1099 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; , # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1093 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1089 ; # 1095 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1092 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; . # 1057 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; , # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; , # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1096 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1101 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1076 ; # 1079 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; , # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1073 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1089 ; # 1091 ; # 1078 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1074 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; , # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1102 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1099 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; , # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; , # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1101 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; . # 1051 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1050 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1099 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1095 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1093 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1101 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1083 ; # 1102 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; . # 1057 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1091 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1093 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1083 ; # 1102 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1102 ; , # 1074 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; . # 1069 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1103 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1091 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 10 80 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1074 ; # 1050 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1080 ; # 1054 ; # 1082 ; # 1089 ; # 1092 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; ( # 1075 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1083 ; # 1102 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; , # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1091 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1073 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; ) # 1050 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1094 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1082 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1092 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1056 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1059 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1103 ; # 1084 ; # 1060 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1096 ; # 1074 ; # 1050 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; 1792 # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; . # 1064 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1099 ; , # 1092 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1091 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1092 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1042 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; 31 # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; , # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1077 ; 150 # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1092 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1088 ; , # 1092 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1091 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; , # 1096 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; , # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1091 ; # 1095 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1078 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; . # 1063 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1101 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; , # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; , # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1095 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1091 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1 076 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1084 ; # 1099 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1078 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; . # 1064 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1050 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1096 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1072 ; # 1076 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1075 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1087 ; # 1087 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1074 ; # 1103 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1092 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1091 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1087 ; # 108 6 ; # 1076 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; . # 1050 ; # 1072 ; # 1078 ; # 1076 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1083 ; # 1102 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1057 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1096 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1099 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; . # 1045 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1096 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; #

Philippine Telecommunications free essay sample

The Philippine Telecommunications Industry remains to be one of the most robust and fastest growing industries in the Philippines. This report will touch on the present state of the elecommunications industry, the regulatory environment, the broadband landscape, broadband technologies, and broadband equipment suppliers and investment opportunities. The Philippine telecommunication sector is estimated to have reached USD4. 0 billion in annual service provider revenues by end 2009. Growth in the next five years, however, is projected to experience a slow down due to the increasing saturation in the industry’s two main segments – cellular mobile and fixed line. This growth is estimated o be at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) in revenues of about 8% over the next five years, compared to a CAGR of 11% in the last five. Aside from cellular mobile and fixed line, the other segments of the telecommunication sector are on broadcast and broadband. For purposes of this report, it will touch briefly on cellular mobile, fixed line and broadcast segments but focus will be on the broadband segment which holds the most promise in regard to growth opportunities given that the cellular mobile and fixed line segments have already reached its saturation point and is expected to achieve flat or negative growth for 2009. We will write a custom essay sample on Philippine Telecommunications or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The dominant telcos are PLDT, Globe Telecom, Bayantel, and Digitel. Liberty Telecom is a previously inactive player that is expected to play a bigger role in the industry beginning with 2010. Liberty Telecom recently attracted attention when San Miguel Corporation, the Philippines’ largest food and beverage conglomerate, acquired a 32. 7% stake in the previously inactive telecom company. Liberty Telecom had previously been under corporate rehabilitation after trading of its stock was suspended in 2005 due to â€Å"excessive volatility†. San Miguel recently entered the telecommunication industry by establishing its wholly-owned subsidiary Vega Telecom, Inc. The company later partnered with Qatar Telecom (QTel) in drawing up plans for re-establishing the market presence of Liberty Telecom. The Philippine Telecommunications Report 2010 Page 2 Overview of industry landscape and key players Fixed Line Prior to 1993, Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDT) had been and continues to be the dominant carrier, being the first to establish a fixed line telecommunications infrastructure nationwide. Following the telecommunications liberalization in 1993, coupled with the introduction of the Service Area Scheme (SAS), the competitive environment drastically changed with the entry of 10 new entrants that resulted in lower tariffs and improved fixed line penetration. However as of 2008, relative to the SAS, only 50%i of the fixed line capacity has been utilized with only 3. 9 million fixed line subscribers, or a low fixed line penetration rate of only 4. 32%. i The low fixed line penetration rate is due mainly to the cellular mobile segment having overtaken the fixed line segment on account of faster roll-out and deployment of cellular mobile infrastructure. There are approximately 7. 45 million installed and 4. 89 million subscribed land lines as of 2008iii. Filipinos were mobile phone subscribers. The phenomenal growth was attributed to the popularity of SMS or â€Å"Text Messaging† with a little over 300 million text messages being sent daily as well as the availability of cheaper handsets brought about by the introduction of pre-paid services and over the air loading (electronic loads). The cellular mobile segment has been dominated by three (3) large telcos, namely Globe Telecom, Smart Communications and Sun Cellular with Globe Telecom pioneering the GSM platform followed by Smart Communications and later Sun Cellular.

How to Write an ACT and SAT Essay Prompt

How to Write an ACT and SAT Essay PromptFor most individuals, it can be difficult to figure out the correct way to write a Shmoop act sample essay prompt. Whether you are an undergraduate student, graduate student, or an employee, it is important that you know how to write an effective essay prompt for any school, lab, department, or program. The following article is meant to help you with writing an essay prompt for Shmoop ACT or SAT.The first thing you will need to do is use Shmoop's ACT and SAT examples. You can find these by simply clicking on the ACT Sample and SAT Sample link. These will give you a link to download the sample essays from that point forward. After you have downloaded these, you will need to open them up in Word.The act sample prompts have pre-determined words that you must make sure that you do not change. It is important that you read through the prompts several times before you begin writing your essay. Once you have completed all of the prompts, start writing the essay.Remember that if you are using a sample essay prompt that the outline should be set before you begin writing your essay. If you are doing a test, you will not be required to make up anything or do anything to your outline. Your outline should only be about 30% complete before you begin your essay.Once you have finished writing your essay, it is important that you include the ACT and SAT prompt. You should then go over your essay and proofread. Ensure that you proofread each section until you reach the end of the essay. This step will ensure that you do not overlook any parts of your essay and that you do not leave out sections in your essay.If you want to add some additional outline to your essay, it is recommended that you use an addendum at the end of your essay. This is because this is a proofreading tip and you want to make sure that your addendum is correct.Make sure that you read through your essay several times before you send it to the person who is grading your e ssay. If you have some parts of your essay that you want to proofread, it will not hurt to make a few copies of the essay. This will ensure that you can go back and change your mistakes, if needed.Finally, make sure that you send your essay back to the appropriate person. Shmoop will send the person a tracking number so that they can be sure that you sent the essay back properly.

Shinto Exam Preparation Notes free essay sample

Shinto is a native Japanese mythology/religion influenced by Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism. Kami, a key concept in Shinto’s belief refers to the superior, mystical or divine, that permeates the natural world. Origins of the universe: Earliest Shinto text is the Kojiki or ‘record of ancient matters’ written in 712 CE Kojiki tells the story of how the cosmic order arose out of chaos during the age of the kami when something like a huge celestial egg split in half to form heaven and earth. The earliest gods attended this spontaneous development and they produced a second generation of divinities who were paired with one another as brother and sister (also husband and wife) the last pair of divine siblings named Izanagi and Izanami were instructed by their elders to create the islands of japan. They did this, and the country they made compromised the whole creation of time. The stories and myths about creation -The celestial pair gave birth to the sacred land of japan and to all the kami or ‘superior spirits’ that inhabit the land. We will write a custom essay sample on Shinto Exam Preparation Notes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They bore the divine kami of the rivers and rocks and mountains and trees and also gave birth to the spirits of the natural forces such as wind and fire and so on.. -Eventually the great mother goddess, Amaterasu, kami of the sun, comes into being, along with her wild and intractable brother, the god, Susanoo-o-Mikoto, kami of storms. These two kami of the sun and of the storms become the paramount deities in subsequent Shinto mythology. Principle beliefs -The universe has three levels- plain of heaven: where kami live (hight) the present human realm: the middle land (where humans live) and at the depth (below) is the world after death. More sophisticated Shinto mythology but in the hearts of the common people they prefer the perpetual country or ‘tokoyo’ view that the eternal spiritual domain where the kami abide in perfect tranquillity with the human realm. (everything is on the human/middle level) they believe in the middle land (perpetual country or tokoyo). -Fundamental idea in Shinto is that of kami. Kami is the indefinable quality felt in spiritual realities. They also believe in the kami of ideas such as creation, growth and development. Kami is the awe inspiring sacred nature of things. the sacred is understood through actually experiencing, but cannot be captured in theories or words. -They communicate with the kami directly so they have no need for elaborate or formal theories. -Shinto is a religion of sentiment rather than sermons. The proper end of Shinto is not to grasp the idea of kami but to feel its boundless presence. Rituals -Jinja Shinto- takes place at shrines and is domestic and lo cal (local shrines are where regional kami are worshipped ie. River kami, beach kami. This allows local communities to affirm their togetherness in the presence of their local kami.. every home has a shrine called a kamidana at at this level Shinto can be seen as the way a family worships their ancestors[mirror covered by a door]). -Minzoku Shinto- relates to folk religion in japan (what everyone follows) -Koshitsu Shinto- practiced at a national level and relates to the emperor and his family. (at a national level, shrines dedicated to the imperial family[descendants of the gods] help japan celebrate its unity as a nation).

Examining The Effects Of Having An Abortion Theology Religion Essay Example

Examining The Effects Of Having An Abortion Theology Religion Essay Example Examining The Effects Of Having An Abortion Theology Religion Essay Examining The Effects Of Having An Abortion Theology Religion Essay but overall the rates are increasing, which is a bad mark, because it shows that although engineering has increased and there are now other methods of abortion, people are disregarding the fact that abortion is slaying. Statisticss on abortion in South Africa: 85A 000 Abortions taking topographic point annually 500 Women dice every twelvemonth because they use the pill incorrect/ misuse it 425 adult females die due to illegal abortion 42 00 to 167A 000 illegal abortions are done every twelvemonth in South Africa and there is nil we can make about it. There is a jurisprudence that states the demands, but it is hard to implement when you do nt cognize about the backstreet abortions 50 % of all gestations end up in a abortion More than 500A 000 adult females have had an abortion since the jurisprudence has been implemented in 1996 The Numberss are striking sky high, in Limpopo the Numberss increased from 533 to about 4864 in 2006 24 % of abortions performed in South Africa are done within the 2nd trimester of the gestation and this is unsafe to the adult female s wellness and worse for the unborn babe. There are about 350 installations that perform abortion, but in 2007 merely 60 % of these medical clinics ( infirmaries ) were working/functioning. Many times we wonder why adult females prefer abortions over alternate methods, and most of the clip we think the ground is colza, good there stats say something else. Why are abortions performed? 1 % because of colza or sexual maltreatment 1 % because the kid will hold abnormalcies 3 % choose abortion because the adult female s wellness is at hazard 91 % prefer abortion as a method of birth control. These are the other grounds why adult females chose abortion: 25 % want to prorogue holding a kid 8 % do nt desire more kids than the already have 21,3 % of adult female ca nt afford a babe at that phase 11 % think or believe it will interrupt their job/education 14 % of the clip the spouse does nt desire the babe 12 % are excessively immature or any other expostulation 2 % choose abortion for another ground Teenage Pregnancy stats in South Africa: 66A 000 misss we re reported being pregnant in 2002, and that was their alibi for non go toing school The adolescent gestation rate rose to 86A 000 in 2004, and these misss still blamed their gestation on non go toing an educational installation More than a 1/3 of the babes that are born in South Africa have female parents that are 19 old ages of age or younger. One in every three misss has already had a babe by the clip they reach age 20 There is one instance where 71 % of the misss in a high school ion Soweto fell pregnant ( one the outskirts of Johannesburg ) 12 % of sexually active adolescents ( age 12-14 ) have neer used protection during sexual intercourse State Adolescent birth rate per 1000 adult females 15-19 A Israel 17 A Iceland 19 A Croatia 19 A United Kingdom 20 A Hungary 21 A Bosnia and Herzegovina 23 A Slovakia 24 A Estonia 26 A New Zealand 27 A Belarus 27 A Russia 30 A Georgia 33 A Macedonia 34 A Armenia 34 A Romania 37 A Ukraine 38 A Saudi Arabia 38 A Bulgaria 41 A Chile 44 A Brazil 45 A United States 53 A Indonesia 55 A Mexico 64 A South Africa 66 A India 73 A Nigeria 103 A Niger 233 This tabular array shows how the adolescent gestation rate is spread across the universe. South Africa with a population of about 49.3 million ( 66 adult females in every 1000, between the ages of 15 and 19, autumn pregnant ) , has some of the highest Numberss, compared to Russia who has 141 million people, but merely 30 out of 1000 autumn pregnant. Teenage gestation depends on a figure of things: Fortunes ( whether you are exposed to sexual maltreatment, poorness etc ) Location ( high offense and colza countries will increase figure of gestations ) Education ( if the adolescents are informed about the effects of abortion and whether or non they had Sex Ed ) Contraceptives ( do they hold entree to the protection necessary ) Culture ( in many civilizations it is required for the miss to get married at the age of 14 or 15 ) I think that many uneducated adolescents abort the kid because that is the easiest manner out and a speedy hole . Here are some facts that are against abortion and that show what truly happens when you have an abortion There are many complications for the female parent even if the process is legal. ( Whether it is emotional, physical or even religious, the female parent will endure in legion ways ) Physical effects that the female parent might endure from Psychological effects that the female parent might hold: Death Compunction and guilt Asepsis Suicide efforts Miscarriages in the hereafter Lower self-pride ( weakness and bereavement ) Menstrual jobs Might experience more choler which can take t kid maltreatment Infections Hate for those with a connexion to it Bleeding and a batch of hurting Ca nt forgive yourself Breast malignant neoplastic disease No more an involvement in sex 7. What are the general sentiments sing abortion: ( friends/family ) ( see interviews attached ) Number of ballots Abortion is a touchy topic and non many people are familiar with what precisely abortion entails. Many have a certain position because they have been raised in such a mode, but in the terminal it is your ain pick. I decided to interview five of my household members, and seek to analyze what they know and think about the construct abortion . I interviewed my cousins ( age 15 and 21 ) , my parents ( age 47-50 ) , my Aunt ( age 44 ) and my grandmother ( age 62 ) , merely so that I have a wide overview of the different age groups and what they conceive as slaying and when they think life starts. It was interesting to see that many of them thought that abortion was slaying, but yet they believe the adult female has the right to kill the babe. That was seen in the younger age groups and the inquiries asked to the older interviewees showed that they really thought about it and found it hard to do a determination. They believe abortion is slaying and so merely God decides when to take and give life. Our organic structure is merely borrowed to us here on Earth, so why do we have the right to make up ones mind what happens to the babe turning inside this borrowed organic structure? There were assorted feelings when it came to the inquiry about a rape-victim, since the babe being formed inside of your uterus, was nt done out of an act of love, but instead fury and force. Although God has a program for us all and everything that happens to us has a greater intent in the terminal, we do nt needfully see the bigger image at that place and so. We merely see the hatred and unhappiness, but in order for us to be free, we need to forgive the individual so that your life can be filled with copiousness. My household s ideas on the subject abortion are really broad, since none of them have of all time been in the state of affairs where they needed to take action ; but if I look at the inquiries asked and what the 5 interviewees answered, I would state that there is decidedly a negative intension to the word abortion , slaying and ferociousness, all Acts of the Apostless that are most surely non from God. The common feeling is that abortion should be eliminated ( particularly all the barbarous methods of abortion ) and instead think of alternate ways. Rescue those being led off to decease, hold back those astonishing towards slaughter. Proverbs 24:11 8. What professional organisations can advice you on abortion? They defend the defenceless Their purposes are: The protects human life and besides promote the value and being of a life They try to raise the rights of kids They help and back up pregnant female parents ( start of gestation up until existent birth ) Birth Right provides the loving option to abortion Another Organization that can help is the Birth right unit that is situated in Johannesburg and Durban This organisation will assist you if you are pregnant, scared, if you do nt desire to confront the universe and you merely necessitate person to listen. They help by: Giving you a anon. gestation trial Provide information on shelter places Give you apparels Make sure you have the necessary medical, legal and acceptance information When you find yourself on the out of boundss, we re here to assist. This non-profit organisation: Supply support to female parent s that have premature births and that have trouble or any complications during their gestation The intervene with the needful medical intervention, instruction Most significantly they provide a loving bosom and support Africa Cares for Life This Christian organisation provides you with all the necessary information if you find yourself in a crisis gestation. The provide preparation, resources ( medical, nutrient, apparels etc ) And Conferences with the needed advice and support 9. What support system is in topographic point in your school? To the Glory of God Doxa Deo College, a Christian school and college with the right values and ends set in topographic point. In Doxa we have a passion for God I which we strive to link to God on a hebdomadal base in congratulations and worship. A passion for people and service ; we learn to appreciate each other s uniqueness and at the same clip larn what it is to function those around you. A passion for unity, everything we do in Doxa is based on the illustration Jesus set for us. Passion for Tshwane and states is a manner of learning us how to make out and take duty for the demands around us. Passion for leading and growing ; at our school there are many chances to show and better out leading accomplishments, but even more we are able to turn, spiritually and emotionally. We see the dream God has for us. Even though we are a Christian school there are many things we to hold to confront, even the instance of abortion. About a twelvemonth ago, we had a state of affairs in our school, where a miss fell pregnant and chose to abort. The school handled it in a professional mode and supported the miss, her household and her category friends. The school announced what had happened so that no rumor could distribute. The miss was sent place for a few hebdomads in order to retrieve and after that she returned to school to happen the loving support of the school. Doxa will neer project anyone out because of their wickednesss, since it is non our topographic point to reprobate, but merely God. As a household of Christ Doxa s support system is non merely organize direction and managers, but instead the support from God that is worked through his adherents. 10. Decision: Abortion is slaying! This is my decision- abortion is slaying a incapacitated kid and to me personally, I believe that God did non mean for this to go on. In one physical cell, there is already life. It is the beginning of life and it remains the same through all the phases of development ( from inside the female parent s uterus to outside ) Seven yearss after the adult female has missed her catamenial rhythm, the babe s bosom has already started pumping blood through the premature vass. Life has already been initiated by: the breath of life ( Genesis2: 7 ) and so it will go on, until the last breath is given-you dice. God says that at a clip we will hold to stand up for our religion even if it means you might decease, but Christians have to take a stance for what we all SAY we believe. In America, Obama is a broad in many state of affairss, one of them being abortion. He approves the method of Partial birth control and he even said yes to kill a babe that has survived, but suffered an abortion. Abortion is a personal determination non a legal argument so why are we reasoning about whether abortion is acceptable or non. We are seeking to warrant the universe s actions by doing it legal, good that is non true in the eyes of the Lord. Merely He can give and take life and if you choose to travel against His ways, you will one twenty-four hours hold to stand before the King of Kings and warrant your actions of slaying one of His creative activities. Our Father is a God of grace, but God did nt mean for us to slay something that He gave as a gift. The Lord will bless you for your determinations and good plants, but he will besides keep you accountable for your wickednesss. Even though we might be right now ; here on Earth with the Government in charge and as our justice, we will one twenty-four hours bare the effects of our actions when we arrive in Eden and have to confront the true, all-powerful judge-GodaˆÂ ¦ Pregnancy is a gift of God, to be able to transport a kid inside a adult female is a miracle and God planned life in this manner. By aborting you are slaying, which is wickedness. Number 35: 33 Do non foul the land where you are. Bloodshed pollutes the land, and expiation can non be made for the land on which blood has been shed, except by the blood of the 1 who shed it. Abortion is legal in the universe s eyes, but non in God s. Although slaying is incorrect in the eyes of the Lord and besides the Government ( since you can be sent to imprison for slaying, but so what about abortion? ) the universe still chooses the easy manner out-terminate the pregnancy-abortion. It is now your ain determination that will do the difference, live with the babe God has made inside of you, or foul the land with the blood of guiltless babes. I say NO to abortion! God says that to slay is sin and besides sex before matrimony is sin. If you abstain from sex before matrimony you would nt necessitate to hold to abort and you will be populating the manner God has proposed for us to populate. So why would we wish to follow the footfalls of America where 1.6 million unborn babes are murdered every twelvemonth? Rather have the babe and live up to your moral criterions and happen an alternate method, by giving the babe up for acceptance or traveling to a installation where they can back up you and your babe. If I fell pregnant, I would NOT abort, I will populate with the kid God has given me and I know that God will travel with me and be my pillar of strength when I need Him, God says: Trust in the LORD with all your bosom and thin non on your ain apprehension. Proverbs 3:5 And that is precisely what I will make ; I wo nt tilt on my ain apprehension, something that the universe should make every bit good. Mother Theresas: I ever say one thing. If a female parent can kill her ain kid, so what is left of the West to be destroyed? It is hard to explicate, but it is merely that. Everyone has the right to life, even an unborn childaˆÂ ¦ 11. Glossary Forcepss: An instrument used to pull out or pull strings something. Almost like a brace of tongs, used by a sawbones Ultrasound: This is really high frequence moving ridges that are excessively high for the human ear to hear. The sound moving ridges can resile of tissue and so an image is formed ( echogram ) during an ultrasound for a pregnant adult female Legislation: A proposed jurisprudence, the act of jurisprudence devising Fluctuates: Something ( whether Numberss, the conditions or certain forms ) change invariably. It goes up and down Asepsis: If the adult female is sterile, non able to gestate a kid Broad: open-minded, free thought, even if it means traveling against the will of God

The Brand Promotion of Tesco in Beijing City, Based on the Program of Essay - 1

The Brand Promotion of Tesco in Beijing City, Based on the Program of Sales Promotion of Tescos Products to housewives in Beijing - Essay Example Tesco is involved in below the line activities to keep the housewives attracted but it needs to focus more on such activities. The main problem that the firm is facing is that it cannot establish itself as a low priced retailer. This is because the housewives are knowledgeable about the market and know where to get the best price from. Thus Tesco needs to improve upon its promotional tools to face local competition and to alter the image the consumers have of the brand. The Chinese market is very different and has a lot of cultures. Thus Tesco has to adapt to the preferences of the different types of people. The firm uses all types of brand and sales promotion mediums, the rational modes of advertisements are still dominating the market. Television is overpowering other communication mediums like print medium and the internet. However, the firm should not only focus on the traditional mode of communication. Rather they should expand their horizon and try to use other mediums the internet and technology based marketing tools. Zhen (2007) explains that this is because it is a futuristic view and at some point such technological advances will become an eminent part of the market. At the same time, to reach the consumers currently Tesco has to focus more on television as it is a more reliable mode of communication with the consumers. The consumers truest the television and thus it will help Tesco get the message across. Print media is another option like magazines to reach particular target markets, especially house wives. Moreover, fliers, word of mouth and below the line activities can also be looked into. Below the line activities may have a greater impact on women and help promote the brand. To encourage sales promotion, in store promotions may also work well with women and help influence their decision m aking. As per Zhen (2007) Tesco is facing a challenging market in China as it is finding it difficult to

Economics essay Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economics essay - Term Paper Example Some consumers may wish to rent houses at higher rates than P and sellers may violate the existing law by accepting these prices offered. Therefore, sellers may accept price E because the consumers will be willing to rent rates above P as competition arises among consumers who strive to acquire the scarce commodity. The prices will go high up to E which is illustrated in the diagram below. The quantity demanded exceeds Qs at any lower price than E, and consumer’s effort remains intensified. The market reaches the Equilibrium only when the price reaches P. The competitive price is D. The price the suppliers will receive is P regardless of the higher price due to price ceilings. Hence, price E is used in calculating the consumer’s surplus. Producer’s surplus is calculated using P. In both cases, the actual quantity of houses is Qs. According to Taylor and Weerapana (194), when the government imposes price ceiling, producers will sell less quantity at lower prices a nd will lose some profits. If some consumers purchase products at higher prices, producers will gain. However, other consumers will lose because the supplies will be scarce. According to Hirschey (437), dead weight loss results from competitive market equilibrium deviations. He further asserts that deadweight loss can occur to both consumers and producers and is not transferable. Instead, losses arise from imperfections in the market and government policies. Deadweight loss is known as welfare loss triangle. This is because when linear curves of supply and demand are used, deadweight losses are portrayed as triangles. From the figure above, the effects of imposition of price ceiling on both the consumer and producer surplus is shown. The sum of consumer and producer surplus before the price ceiling was imposed is shown by the area of triangle ABC, the area BCD shows consumer surplus and the producer surplus is