Historical And Sociological Data Of School Safety

In a book source I reviewed the author discussed the subject of school safety which uses historical and sociological data to illustrate how much the school is subject to social realities and changes (Watson Watson 2002). The authors set out to see if the American school has always been safe. Unfortunately, they found that it has not, that it is confronted in each new generation with a whole new set of threats and dangers. This is a unique book that examines American schools and their safety from the point of view of historical incursions and threats rather than from anecdotal and sometimes questionable information (Watson Watson 2002). Through the examination of thousands of documents and incidents, the authors show that the American†¦show more content†¦The stand-and-deliver model of teaching and learning is increasingly incompatible with today s youth; in some schools, it is giving way to more varied methods founded on research about how children learn. Also the students who attend public schools come with more learning challenges than ever before, and the trend shows no sign of reversing (Evans, 2004). The changing needs of children demand that teachers expand their role beyond purveyors of information, to become facilitators, coinvestigators, guides, and coordinators. (Jorgenson, 2006).Changes are taking place rapidly, against a backdrop of the shift from an industrial economy to one based on the instantaneous, global traffic of information. Today s schools are not designed to prepare children for the explosive economy or its demand for outcomes over process; the traditional model of teachers dispensing discrete, disconnected bodies of information curriculum presented in isolation from the other subject areas is increasingly obsolete as a way to prepare children for our world (Wagner, 2006). Independent School Magazine, The Teaching Life, Why Curriculum Change Is Difficult and Necessary Olaf Jorgenson, Summer 2006 Guide 4: Changing teaching methods To support what was stated in guides three the traditional stand and deliver method is now obsolete when it comes to educated todays learners. The new movement in education is leading to convergent and divergent teaching. Convergent teaching isShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Essay : Updating Our School1780 Words   |  8 PagesUpdating our school As a potential administrator who is employed in an urban educational setting there are several organizational changes that would apply to the environment I work in. The Middle school that I am currently employed is located in the Metro area of Jackson Mississippi. The school has a total student body of 460 students, 47 teachers, and staff workers. There are 146 sixth graders, 156 seventh graders, and 152 eighth graders in the school. The majority of the student population isRead MoreSocial Control And Bond Theory2770 Words   |  12 Pages Social control/bond theory was developed by Travis Hirschi in1969. The social control approach is one of the three major sociological perspectives in understanding crime in our contemporary criminology. The theory holds that individuals will break the law as a result of the breakdown of the social bonds (Akers Sellers, 2004, p. 16). Control theorists believe that an individual conformity to societal social values and rules produced by socialization and maintained through social tiesRead MoreThe Importance of Demography to Development11868 Words   |  48 Pagesitself with the social rules and processes that bind and separate people not only as individuals, but as members of associations, groups, and institutions, and includes the examination of the organization and development of human social life. The sociological field of interest ranges from the analysis of short contacts between anonymous individuals on the street to the study of global social processes. Most sociologists work in one or more specialties or subfields. The meaning of the word comes fromRead MoreContemporary Issues in Sport - Football Hooligans UK3010 Words   |  13 PagesContemporary Issues in Sport The main issue that I have chosen is hooliganism in football. The article to be analysed is that of Eric Dunning: Soccer Hooliganism as a world social problem, (in Sport Matters- sociological studies of sport, violence and civilization (2001). Other works will also be looked at to highlight wider understanding of soccer hooliganism from different social thoughts. What will follow is an essay that will try to cover issues raised by Dunning in his article. It is worthRead MoreValue-Based Curriculum and Teaching Methodology : an Integrated Approach to Communal Harmony and National Integration3071 Words   |  13 Pagesquality of the educational system need to be improved for ensuring peace and stability in the country which in turn would promote national integration. Etymologically harmony means binding together and being in concord with one another. From a sociological perspective, harmony can be understood as a mode of social existence. Communal harmony means living with unity, mutu al reciprocity, beyond class, caste, creed and gender barriers. Communal Violence emerges as the consequence of this disturbed communalRead MoreThe Influence Of Social Influences On Development2076 Words   |  9 Pagesoccur in the context of family, school, friends, neighborhoods and so forth. Such settings can be influenced by social, economic, political, historical, and cultural factors. Individuals, therefore, are developing and changing, as the world is evolving. Baltes explains three different influences that have an impact on development. The first includes the history-graded influence which is described as the influences that are typical to a specific generation due to historical instances. These influencesRead MoreInstitutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony9428 Words   |  38 Pages(SCRDT) and was supported by the National Institute of Education (contract no. NE-C-00-3-0062). The views expressed here do not, of course, reflect NIE positions. Many colleagues in the SCRDT, the Stanford Organizations Training Program, the American Sociological Associations work group on Organizations and Environments, and the NIE gave help and encouragement. In particular, H. Acland, A. Bergesen, J. Boli-Bennett, T. Deal, J. Freeman, P. Hirsch, J. G. March, W. R. Scott, and W. Starbuck made helpfulRead MoreSummary : The Call Centre 1964 Words   |  8 Pagesproduce a written analysis of experiences of work, supported with appropriate theories and evidence plus practical examples from the case study. Word count: 1834 Plan: -Look at management from historical perspective -Recognize management in a sociological and ideological context - Evaluate historical and contemporary theories -Identify major managerial trends in the case study -Managerial style of Nev -Priorities of Nev and other managers, supported by examples - Conclusion Organisational behaviourRead MoreHomeless Population in America Essay2680 Words   |  11 Pagesbeen fundamental methods used to study and examine social issues like homelessness. Therefore, expanding on innovative methods and policies for the vulnerable populations are continually needed to be in sharp focus. For example the best fit in a sociological theory would be the conflict theory. These theorists would probably not consider homelessness, in and of itself, to be an issue at all. They would name capitalistic intentions as being the issue. A conflict theorist would maintain that the reasonRead MoreA Good Standard Of Health, Welfare, And Social Class1984 Words   |  8 Pagesbreakthroughs are advancing, the world is faced with determinates affecting health; whether in affluent societies or deprived societies. 2.1 Queensway Ward The aim of this report is to investigate a chosen neighbourhood. Examining research and statistical data to develop an understanding about the factors which have detrimental effects on the health and wellbeing of individuals. Due to the limitations of the word count only two factors will be examined within this report, the chosen factors will be employment/unemployment

Jordan Belfort The Wolf Of Wall Street Essay examples

Jordan Belfort, a multi-million dollar scam artist who travelled the road to riches. While travelling this journey, he established many relationships that helped him reach such destination. The memoir The Wolf of Wall Street portrays the relationships and influences people had on Jordan and vice versa. The three biggest influences that Jordan encountered were Mark Hanna, Danny Porush and Nadine Belfort. Jordan was constantly living under pressure from stocks and whether they rise or not, he often resorted to narcotics to relieve some tension. In fact, drugs played such a huge role in his life because he constantly brags that â€Å"I could sedate Guatemala for over a month!† But Jordan wasn’t always a drug fiend; in fact he was introduced to†¦show more content†¦Mark Hanna taught Jordan Belfort he knows about selling stocks. Mark Hanna was the manager at the Wall Street Stock Market. Jordan often looked up to him because he made over one million dollars in one year. This is ironic because Jordan felt that he would never be able to make that much money ever in his life, when just a couple years later he would make that much in just one week! Jordan used the tips he learned from Mark Hanna to construct various plans to become rich. Mark Hanna was not a very honest person to his clients but his clients at the end of the day were making money. He regularly told Jor dan that lying to clients is the best way to make the most profit. â€Å"â€Å"The name of the game, moving money from your clients pocket to your pocket†, Mark stated. â€Å"But if you can make your clients money at the same time it’s advantageous to everyone, correct?† â€Å"No, Mark replied†¦Okay, first rule of Wall Street-nobody and I don’t care if you are Warren Buffet or Jimmy Buffet- knows if a stock is going up, down or sideways, least of all stock brokers. But we have to pretend we know.†Ã¢â‚¬  (8) Jordan later quit the Wall Street Stock Market because he believed he has learned enough to make money on his own. Using the tips he’s learned from Mark Hanna, both the beneficial and detrimental, he goes on to open up his own penny stock broking business, Stratton Oakmont. Stratton Oakmont and Danny Porush didn’t arrive into Jordan’s timeline directly after,Show MoreRelatedJordan Belfort: The Wolf of Wall Street1368 Words   |  6 PagesJordan Belfort is the notorious 1990’s stockbroker who saw himself earning fifty million dollars a year operating a penny stock boiler room from his Stratton Oakmont, Inc. brokerage firm. Corrupted by drugs, money, and sex he went from being an innocent twenty – two year old on the fringe of a new life to manipulating the system in his infamous â€Å"pump and dump† scheme. As a stock swindler, he would motivate his young brokers through insane presentations to rile them up as they defrauded investorsRead MoreJordan Belfort The Wolf Of Wall Street 1285 Words   |  6 PagesBhumi Patel Mr. Grosse US History May 4, 2017 Jordan Belfort â€Å"The Wolf of Wall Street† Jordan Belfort, better known as â€Å"The Wolf of Wall Street†, is a man who lived the high life of the top one percent of the upper class America. Belfort by definition is not a man who is commonly referred to in our history as a man who is looked upon. Belfort is known as a former stockbroker, but is currently a motivational speaker and an author. Belfort lived a life very well abusing everything he had whetherRead MoreJordan Belfort: The Wolf of Wall Street957 Words   |  4 PagesJordan Belfort: The Wolf of Wall Street History of the case Definition of Crime Laws Violated Penalties Imposed Upon Guilty In 1998 Jordan Belfort was indicted with 27 counts of International Securities Fraud and Money laundering. After cooperating with the FBI, in 2003 Belfort was sentenced to four years in prison and fined and ordered to back approximately $110 million that he had defrauded from investors. He served 22 months in federal prison and was ordered to pay investors 50% of hisRead MoreMovie Adaptation Of Jordan Belfort s Lifestyle, Wolf Of Wall Street1838 Words   |  8 PagesWithin the movie adaptation of Jordan Belfort’s lifestyle, Wolf of Wall Street, the main character portrayed by Leonardo DiCaprio has committed several crimes that are identified within the Criminal Code of Canada, which are illicit drug consumption and possession, operation of a vehicle while impaired, and fraud. Belfort is guilty of a crime under section 462.2 in the Criminal Code which states that â€Å"Every one who knowingly imports into Canada, exports from Canada, manufactures, promotes or sellsRead MoreTh e Wolf of Wall Street a Film by Martin Scorsese1241 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Wolf Of Wall Street† demonstrates how a rapid success leads to the narcissistic behavior. â€Å"Feel good† holiday movies, usually focus on traditional family values of heroism whereas Martin Scorsese in his film â€Å"The Wolf of Wall Street,† does the opposite. The movie focus on lavish life of Jordan but it was a true satire for an individual exploring quick fortune and shortcut of getting rich. Although many critics argue that â€Å"The Wolf of Wall Street† focuses mostly on the greed of Belfort, hisRead MoreThe Wolf of Wallstreet Movie Review1477 Words   |  6 Pagesfollowing the law or not cheating other people. However, in the movie The Wolf of Wall Street, it not only promotes these actions, it shows it to the live audience the positive effects it may produce. The Wolf of Wall Street is based on a true story of Jordan Belfort, a stockbroker who served 36 month s in prison for defrauding investors during the 1990s. It involved the corruption of Wall Street and the corporate finance world. Belfort, in the movie, is portrayed by Leonardo DiCaprio, and begins the movieRead MoreThe Wolf of Wall Street1306 Words   |  6 PagesJordan Belfort is the notorious 1990’s stockbroker who saw himself earning fifty million dollars a year operating a penny stock boiler room from his Stratton Oakmont, Inc. brokerage firm. Corrupted by drugs, money, and sex, he went from being an innocent twenty – two year old on the fringe of a new life to manipulating the system in his infamous â€Å"pump and dump† scheme. As a stock swindler, he would motivate his young brokers through insane presentations to rile them up as they defrauded investorsRead MoreThe Great Gatsby And Death Of A Salesman1241 Words   |  5 PagesFitzgerald, William Shakespeare s Macbeth, Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and The Wolf of Wall Street by Jordan Belfort . In this essay, I will discuss the two ways over ambition can cause an individual s downfall. The first is setting unattainable goals which we can see in The Great Gatsby and Death of a Salesman. The second is trying to achieve your goals unethically, seen in Macbeth and in The Wolf of Wall Street . The idea of ambition and striving for achievement is highly valued by our societyRead MoreChristopher Columbus s First Encounters Essay1294 Words   |  6 Pagesahead in society, this was the case for Christopher Columbus. While reading both of these passages I couldn t help but think of one movie, The Wolf of Wall Street. When initially comparing Jordan Belfort to Christopher Columbus some might be skeptical. Truly though they share the same characteristics. In order to be dominant leaders such as Jordan Belfort or Christopher Columbus one must be able to exploit an individuals weaknesses, show no remorse or concern the well being of others, and one-dayRead MoreAnalysis Of Jordan Bel fort s The Pump And Dump 1560 Words   |  7 PagesJordan Belfort is the notorious 1990’s stockbroker who saw himself earning fifty million dollars a year operating a penny stock boiler room from his Stratton Oakmont, Inc. brokerage firm. Corrupted by drugs, money, and sex he went from being an innocent twenty – two year old on the fringe of a new life to manipulating the system in his infamous â€Å"pump and dump† scheme. As a stock swindler, he would motivate his young brokers through insane presentations to rile them up as they defrauded investors

Reality vs. Imagination in Emma Bovarys Predicament Essay

Reality vs. Imagination in Emma Bovarys Predicament Madame Bovary, a novel by Gustave Flaubert, describes life in the provinces. While depicting the provincial manners, customs, codes and norms, the novel puts great emphasis on its protagonist, Emma Bovary who is a representative of a provincial woman. Concerning the fundamental typicality in Emma Bovary’s story, Flaubert points out: â€Å"My poor Bovary is no doubt suffering and weeping at this very moment in twenty French villages at once.† (Heath, 54). Yet, Emma Bovary’s story emerges as a result of her difference from the rest of the society she lives in. She is in conflict with her mediocre and tedious surroundings in respect of the responses she makes to the world she lives in. Among†¦show more content†¦In her marriage to Charles, the main motivations are her expectations derived from the cases of marriages which she reads in romances. However, the next morning after the ceremony, the illusion fades away and Emma returns back to reality and everlas ting dissatisfaction appears: Before the wedding, she had believed herself in love. But not having obtained the happiness that should have resulted from that love, she now fancied that she must have been mistaken. And Emma wondered exactly what was meant in life by the words ‘bliss’, ‘passion’, ‘ecstasy’, which had looked so beautiful in books. (1/5 p.47) Disappointed by what she really experiences in marriage and household management, Emma looks for consolation in her books again. Accordingly, Paris points out concerning Emma’s escapist attitude: â€Å"Although she is repeatedly disillusioned, she is extraordinarily resilient and soon finds a new dream†¦She becomes more and more self-destructive as her desperation grows and increasingly divorced from reality in her pursuit of escapes and consolations.† (196). After presenting Emma’s disillusion with her marriage, the next chapter starts with the description of a novel she reads: â€Å"She had read Paul and Virginia, and seen in her dreams the little bamboo hut, Domingo the nigger and Faithful the dog...† (1/6 p.48). Without

Application Of A Module Declaration - 2283 Words

// ECE2072 Assignment 2014. // Written by Lindsay Kleeman, Monash University. // Complete the sections marked /***STUDENT TO COMPLETE***/ // Naming convention used: // Module names begin with capital and each word begins with capital. // Ports of a module declaration begin with i for input and o for output followed by Capital. // number bits labelled at end by xbit // standard port names are all CAPITALISED // Internal signals start with lowercase and base of name first followed by // D1 for delayed by one clock period (ie previous version), // _new for next and // number bits at end if not 1. Use _ as separator within name. module assign2014(CLOCK_50, KEY, SW, HEX0, HEX1, HEX2, HEX3, HEX4, HEX5, HEX6, HEX7,†¦show more content†¦// A time delay called the release time elapses before the start light is turned on again // and the whole process repeats. The release time is optionally displayed on oHEX7 to oHEX4 if iDisplayReleaseTime=1 // The release time is either random when iSelID=0 or based on the student ID sequence when iSelID=1. // The normal ID sequence skips a digit when iSkip=1. //********************************************************************************************************** module ReactionTimer(iClk, iAsyncReset, iAsychStop, iDisplayReleaseTime, iSkip, iSelID, oHEX0, oHEX1, oHEX2, oHEX3, oHEX4, oHEX5, oHEX6, oHEX7, oLED_GO); input iClk, iAsyncReset, iAsychStop, iDisplayReleaseTime, iSkip, iSelID; output [6:0] oHEX0, oHEX1, oHEX2, oHEX3, oHEX4, oHEX5, oHEX6, oHEX7; output [7:0] oLED_GO; //*********** Internal signals ..... defined and implemented below ... wire reset; // synchronised version of reset input from KEY[0] wire stop; // synchronised version of stop input from KEY[3] wire stopD1; //1 clock period delayed stop wire start; //goes high when start light turns on and defined below. wire CEmsec; //Clock Enable that is 1 for a single clock cycle every millisecond // driven by ReactionTimerDisplay instance wire [13:0] release_time_new14bit; //time in msec to count down to next start wire [13:0] release_time_random14bit; //next random release timeShow MoreRelatedPython Case Study732 Words   |  3 Pagesor a specialized GUI application, or a simple game. If you’re a professional software developer, you may have to work with several C/C++/Java libraries but find the usual write/compile/test/re-compile cycle is too slow. Perhaps you’re writing a test suite for such a library and find writing the testing code a tedious task. Or maybe you’ve written a program that could use an extension language, and you don’t want to design and implement a whole new language for your application. Python is just theRead MoreQuestions On The Code And Core Module1255 Words   |  6 Pages#include ns3/point-to-point-module.h #include ns3/applications-module.h #include ns3/mpls-module.h #include ns3/ipv4-global-routing-helper.h The code starts with various include statements for easy implementation of the code. We include many predefined modules in the program so that all the functionalities of the classes that are specified in the module are loaded and are available while the code executes. By importing all the modules at the beginning of the code makes the code organizedRead More1Introduction. 1.1Reasons For Choosing The Topic. With1458 Words   |  6 Pagesvarious interesting applications. Among them, the intelligent healthcare has become the hot field. As the equipment carried around by the user from dawn to dark, mobile phone is the perfect tool to monitor the user’s real-time health condition. Running is popular mode of motion which is popular with the public, especially for the users who want to lose weight. A well-manufactured running application will be of great benefit for the users. However, the existing applications always contain some shortcomings:Read MoreHomework Chapter 3 Essay1578 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Multiple Choice 1) Module 2) Divide and Conquer 3) Header 4) Call 5) Return 6) Top-down Design 7) Flowchart 8) Local Variable 9) Scope 10) Argument 11) Parameter 12) By Value 13) By Reference 14) Global variable 15) Global True or False 1) False 2) True 3) True 4) False 5) True 6) False 7) False 8) True 9) True 10) False 11) True 12) False Short Answers 1) You can call the module several times instead of writing it out each time. 2) The header is the startingRead MoreBoutique Management System1685 Words   |  7 Pagesand  BASIC  heritage. Visual Basic was derived from BASIC  and enables the  rapid application development (RAD)  of  graphical user interface (GUI)  applications, access to  databases  using  Data Access Objects,  Remote Data Objects, or  ActiveX Data Objects, and creation of ActiveX  controls and objects.  Scripting languages  such as  VBA  and  VBScript  are syntactically similar to Visual Basic, but perform differently. A programmer can put together an application using the  components  provided with Visual Basic itself. ProgramsRead MoreApplication Of A Project Report Essay1509 Words   |  7 PagesOF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY OPP. BHAGWAT VIDYAPITH, NEAR GOTA CROSS ROAD, AHMEDABAD-382481. Candidate’s Declaration We hereby declare that project report titled â€Å"Gamecave† submitted towards the completion of project in 7th semester of bachelor of Information Technology in Silver Oak College Of Engineering Technology, Ahmedabad is an authenticate record ofRead MoreAn Online Course Of Action Is Pretty Profitable As The Game Plan Essay1743 Words   |  7 Pagesis inherentlydistributive.this distributive typical for the online game plan helps in getting the unmistakable police home office to grant information and get in contact to each other NUMBER OF MODULES The system after careful analysis has been identified to be presented with the following modules Modules: 1. User 2. Administrator 3. department HARDWARE SPESIFICATIONS HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: PIV 2.8 GHz Processor and Above RAM 512MB and Above HDD 20 GB Hard Disk Space and Above 6. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:Read MoreThe Impact Of Digital Technology On Consumer Electronics, Advertising And Notification System1443 Words   |  6 PagesThe main aim of this project is to design an SMS driven automatic display which reduces the manual operation. The information can in turn be updated instantly at the desired location. The message to be displayed is sent as an SMS to a GSM receiver module. This message is then stored in PC and is sent to the LCD displays through the controller. The messages stored in the computer acts as a record for future reference. II. Literature survey M.K. Shrivastav in his entitled paper â€Å"GSM Modem Based MovingRead MoreSchool Of Computing Engineering Mathematics2551 Words   |  11 Pagestime: --- Lecturer/Tutor: Dr. Bahman Javadi Title of Assignment: Individual Essay: Software Testing Methods Length: (Optional) 1800 words Date due: 22nd June 2015 Date submitted: 22nd June 2015 Student Declaration (must be signed) Declaration: †¢ I hold a copy of this assignment if the original is lost or damaged. †¢ I hereby certify that no part of this assignment or product has been copied from any other student’s work or from any other source except where due acknowledgementRead MoreA Brief Note On Collaboration : Strategic Alliance979 Words   |  4 Pagesmanifestation of joint effort that both the organizations concurred on, despite the fact that advertised by both organizations as a Strategic Partnership relationship, has really been a Strategic Alliance relationship by the definition adjusted in this module (Financial Times, 2015). This implies that both Microsoft and Nokia would cooperate on basic objectives and advantages that would fit the vital bearings of both the organizations. All through the coordinated effort, both organizations would stay free

Marketing Report Mcdonald s Family - 917 Words

Scott Bennet Marketing Report McDonalds 2014 Ec1400633 Introduction The following report is on the named organisation McDonalds. The McDonald’s family was founded by Raymond Albert Croc in 1940. The first ever store was built in 1955 which was situated Des Plaines, Illinois. The McDonald’s headquarters in also located in Illinois. McDonalds turned into the biggest restaurant business in the world. There are now over 30000 restaurants that serve 47 million customers in more than 121 countries. The marketing concept is the philosophy that companies must analyse the needs of their consumers and make choices to fulfil these needs, better than their competitors. Today, the majority of companies have embraced the marketing concept, however this has not always been the situation. Achievements:- McDonald s has been known as a great place to work in more than 30 of the markets as how they go about their business. †¢ In 2013, Forbes names McDonald’s number six as the â€Å"World’s Most Valuable Brand† and was also named number seven as the â€Å"World’s Most Powerful Brand†. †¢ Fortune named McDonald’s number twenty two as the â€Å"World’s Most Admired Company† †¢ McDonalds was named as the â€Å"World’s Best Multinational Workplaces† in 201. Strategic Plan:- McDonalds are hoping to open 400 new Drive-thru stores in the next 10 years. As McDonalds is an emergent success, the goal is to rise the pace of attainments with a target of 40 new restaurant openings annually as of 2014.Show MoreRelated The Concept of Corporate Social Responsibility Essays1687 Words   |  7 Pagesgrowing, increasing numbers of organisations are incorporating CSR into their business operations in an effort to be seen acting as good corporate citizens, so what is CSR what is its role in todays organizations? The term CSR refers to a company?s obligation to maximize its positive impact on society, accommodating changing social, market stakeholder pressures in an effort to achieve sustainable economic, social environmental development throughout its operations and activities. CSR putsRead MoreMcdonalds Marketing Mix1486 Words   |  6 PagesMarketing Mix The elements of the Marketing Mix refer to the tools that will be employed in the marketing efforts of a product, service or concept, to a particular targeted or segmented group. If the right Marketing Mix is used, it will aim all of the company’s efforts at satisfying it’s customers at a profit or other notable success. A typical Marketing Mix includes â€Å"The four P’s†, which are product, price, promotion, place and sometimes people. Since consumers are surrounded by the controllableRead MorePromotional Strategy And Effective Marketing Communication1002 Words   |  5 PagesPromotional Strategy Chapter 12 in our textbook talks about promotional strategy and effective marketing communication. It defines certain fundamentals that make up the promotion mix. These basics include direct and interactive marketing, advertising, public relations, sales promotion, and personal selling. The promotional strategy used depends on the marketplace. Sometimes it is necessary to use more than one media method within a given campaign. (Marshall/Johnston, 2015) Traditional promotionRead MoreMc Donalds Maketing Strategies Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pagesand Mac McDonald. Ray Kroc, credited with the chains global ambitions, bough the rights in 1955, he developed the brand and created the McDonalds Corporation. Throughout this study I am going to evaluate the marketing strategies being pursued by McDonalds and identify the market dominance, which has lead to McDonalds being on of the most successful multi-nationals to date. Effective marketing has enabled McDonalds to create a worldwide demand for fast food. ‘The aim of marketing is toRead MoreCase Study : Disneyland s Consumer Focused Initiative Essay1717 Words   |  7 Pagesconsumer focused initiative Analyzing the Disneyland case, Disney focused on market segmentation anchoring on cultural distance and differences. According to Zhu Xu (2010), it is important for companies operating in different countries to study the marketing distance problem. It stated that: â€Å"The larger the distance between the countries, the greater the uncertainty and the costs firms will face in overcoming and integrating these distances will be.† By carefully segmenting its markets, Disney was ableRead MoreReview Of The Clubhouse Angus Essay1443 Words   |  6 PagesThe clubhouse Angus (NZ)- Product- In NZ it is liked by people because McDonald give 100% Angus beef, crispy bacon, Swiss cheese, caramelised onion and salad. Place- In 2012 McDonald introduce a new burger, this time they introduce clubhouse Angus burger for the beef lovers and people love this burger because they like beef. (jackson, 2012) Promotion- McDonald promote this burger by advertise on newspaper, television, radios and big banners on roadside. Crispy chicken deluxe (USA)- Product-PeopleRead MoreMcdonalds Innovation Ideas1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe McDonald’s corporation is one of the most known brands around the world. McDonald s has built its success around a formula of providing a range of standardized high quality products quickly and reasonably priced. Today, many people live busy lives and place great importance on convenience when buying and paying for goods and services. Modern, quick service products such as drive-in car washes, smart phones and fast meals attract this market. For many people, this emphasis on instant serviceRead MoreConsumer Behavior And Interactive Marketing Report1490 Words   |  6 PagesConsumer Behavior and Interactive Marketing Report ---Take the KFC in Norwich as an Example Introduction Consumer behavior is closely connected with the interactive market as well as products and services. (Peter, Olson, 2010) This report is aim to develop the KFC restaurant in Norwich strategically by analyzing the consumer behavior and interactive markets. Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) is a global fast food brand from America which is popular for its fried chicken. (Bell, Shelman, 2011) TheRead MoreEssay about Organizational Structure- Mgt/2301127 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract The central thesis of this paper examines the organizational structures of McDonalds, Burger King, and Wendy’s food restaurants. It will examine the comparison and contrast of the organizational structure of McDonalds with Burger King, and Wendy’s Corporations. What functions influence McDonalds, and explains how the organizational design helps determine the structure that best suits McDonalds needs, as a business. Organizational Structure Burgers are one of the most favoredRead More4 Macro Environment Mcdonalds1466 Words   |  6 Pagesfriendship between world citizens. Diversity, the difference among people and cultures, is the second factor discussed in the paper. The final factor is ethics, which can be defined as a set of principles of right conduct. This paper explains how the McDonald Corporations uses the factors to conduct business around the world. In today’s society, corporations and enterprises are expanding their businesses in the global markets. Globalization is necessary for success and survival in the worldwide market;

University of Cambridge free essay sample

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The University of Cambridge ( informally Cambridge University, or merely Cambridge ) is a public research university located in Cambridge, United Kingdom. It is the 2nd oldest university in both England and the English-speaking universe and the 7th oldest university globally. In post-nominals the university s name is abbreviated as Cantab, a sawed-off signifier of Cantabrigiensis ( an adjective derived fromCantabrigia, the Latinised signifier of Cambridge ) . The university grew out of an association of bookmans in the metropolis of Cambridge that was formed, early records suggest, in 1209 by bookmans go forthing Oxford after a difference with townspeople. The two ancient universities have many common characteristics and are frequently jointly referred to as Oxbridge. In add-on to cultural and practical associations as a historic portion of British society, the two universities have a long history of competition with each other. Academically, Cambridge ranks as one of the universe s top universities, every bit good as a taking university in Europe, and contends with Oxford for first topographic point in UK conference tabular arraies. Affiliates of the University have won more Nobel Prizes than those of any other establishment in the universe with 88 Nobel Laureates as of October 4, 2010 the most recent one being Robert G. Edwards for the award in physiology or medical specialty. The University is a member of the Russell Group of research-led British universities, the Coimbra Group, the League of European Research Universities and the International Alliance of Research Universities. It forms portion of the Golden Triangle of British universities. History Cambridge # 8217 ; s position was enhanced by a charter in 1231 from King Henry III of England which awarded the ius non trahi supernumerary ( a right to train its ain members ) plus some freedom from revenue enhancements, and a bull in 1233 from Pope Gregory IX that gave alumnuss from Cambridge the right to learn everyplace in Christendom. After Cambridge was described as a studiumgenerale in a missive by Pope Nicholas IV in 1290, and confirmed as such in a bull by Pope John XXII in 1318, it became common for research workers from other European medieval universities to come and see Cambridge to analyze or to give talk classs. Administration Cambridge is a collegiate university, intending that it is made up of self-governing and independent colleges, each with its ain belongings and income. Most colleges bring together faculty members and pupils from a wide scope of subjects, and within each module, school or section within the university, faculty members from many different colleges will be found. The modules are responsible for guaranting that talks are given, set uping seminars, executing research and finding the course of study for instruction, overseen by the General Board. Together with the cardinal disposal headed by the Vice-Chancellor, they make up the full Cambridge University. Facilities such as libraries are provided on all these degrees: by the University ( the Cambridge University Library ) , by the sections ( departmental libraries such as the Squire Law Library ) , and by the single colleges ( all of which maintain a multi-discipline library, by and large aimed chiefly at their undergraduates ) . Colleges All pupils and many of the faculty members are attached to colleges, where they socialise. It is besides the topographic point where pupils may have their little group learning Sessionss, known as supervisings. Each college appoints its ain instruction staff and chaps in each topic ; decides which pupils to acknowledge, in conformity with university ordinances ; provides little group learning Sessionss, for undergraduates ( though talks are arranged and grades are awarded by the university ) ; and is responsible for the domestic agreements and public assistance of its ain undergraduates, alumnuss, post-doctoral research workers, and staff in general. The University of Cambridge presently has 31 colleges, of which three, Murray Edwards, Newnham and Lucy Cavendish, admit adult females merely. The other colleges are now assorted, though most were originally all-male. Darwin was the first college to acknowledge both work forces and adult females, while Churchill, Clare and King s colleges were the first antecedently all-male colleges to acknowledge female undergraduates in 1972. Magdalene was the last all-male college to go assorted in 1988. Clare Hall and Darwin admit merely graduate students, and Hughes Hall, Lucy Cavendish, St Edmund # 8217 ; s and Wolfson admit onlymature ( i.e. 21 old ages or older on day of the month of matriculation ) pupils, including alumnus pupils. All other colleges admit both undergraduate and postgraduate pupils with no age limitations. Colleges are non required to acknowledge pupils in all topics, with some colleges taking non to offer topics such as architecture, history of art or divinity, but most o ffer near to the complete scope. Some colleges maintain a prejudice towards certain topics, for illustration with Churchill tilting towards the scientific disciplines and technology, while others such as St Catharine s purpose for a balanced intake.Costs to pupils ( adjustment and nutrient monetary values ) vary well from college to college. Others maintain much more informal reputes, such as for the pupils of King s College to keep leftist political positions, or Robinson College and Churchill College s efforts to understate its environmental impact. There are besides several theological colleges in Cambridge, including Westcott House, Westminster College and Ridley Hall Theological College, that are affiliated to the university and are members of the Cambridge Theological Federation. Teaching The chief method of learning at Cambridge colleges is the supervising. These are typically hebdomadal hour-long Sessionss in which little groups of pupils # 8211 ; normally between one and three # 8211 ; meet with a member of the university s teaching staff or a doctorial pupil. Students are usually required to finish an essay or assignment in progress of the supervising, which they will discourse with the supervisor during the session, along with any concerns or troubles they have had with the stuff presented in that hebdomad s talks. Lectures at Cambridge are frequently described as being about a mere bolt-on to these supervisings. Students receive between one and three supervisings per hebdomad, depending upon their topic. This pedagogical system is frequently cited as being alone to Cambridge and Oxford ( where # 8220 ; supervisings # 8221 ; are known as # 8220 ; tutorials # 8221 ; ) The construct of rating pupils work quantitatively was developed by a coach named William Farish at the University of Cambridge in 1792. Schools, modules and sections In add-on to the 31 colleges, the university is made up of over 150 sections, modules, schools, mobs and other establishments. Members of these are normally besides members of one or more of the colleges and duty for running the full academic programme of the university is divided amongst them. A School in the University of Cambridge is a wide administrative grouping of related modules and other units. Each has an elected supervisory organic structure # 8211 ; the Council of the school # 8211 ; consisting representatives of the constitutional organic structures. Therearesixschools: ArtsandHumanities BiologicalSciences ClinicalMedicine HumanitiesandSocialSciences PhysicalSciences Technology Teaching and research in Cambridge is organised by modules. The modules have different organizational sub-structures which partially reflect their history and partially their operational demands, which may include a figure of sections and other establishments. In add-on, a little figure of organic structures entitled Syndicates have duties for learning and research, e.g. Cambridge Assessment, the University Press, and the University Library. Academic twelvemonth The academic twelvemonth is divided into three footings, determined by the Legislative acts of the University. Michaelmas Term lasts from October to December ; Lent Term from January to March ; and Easter Term from April to June. Within these footings undergraduate learning takes topographic point within eight-week periods called Full Footings. These footings are shorter than those of many other British universities. Undergraduates are besides expected to fix to a great extent in the three vacations ( known as the Christmas, Easter and Long Vacations ) . Student life Sports Cambridge maintains a long tradition of pupil engagement in athletics and diversion. Rowing is a peculiarly popular athletics at Cambridge, and there are competitions between colleges, notably the bumps races, and against Oxford, the Boat Race. There are besides Varsity lucifers against Oxford in many other athleticss, runing from cricket and rugger, to chess and tiddlywinks. Athletes stand foring the university in certain athleticss entitle them to use for a Cambridge Blue at the discretion of the Blues Committee, dwelling of the captains of the 13 most esteemed athleticss. # 1055 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1050 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1050 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; ( # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1092 ; # 1080 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1050 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; ) # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; 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# 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; . # 1048 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1057 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1089 ; # 1050 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1083 ; # 1091 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1091 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1074 ; 1231 # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1105 ; # 1084 ; # 1043 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; III # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1040 ; # 1085 ; # 1075 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; , # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1091 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; IUS, # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1087 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1091 ; # 1089 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1095 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; , # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1078 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; , # 1080 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; 1233 # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1087 ; # 1072 ; # 1087 ; # 1099 ; # 1043 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; IX, # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1087 ; # 1091 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1050 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1072 ; # 1087 ; # 108 8 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1102 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; # 1074 ; # 1093 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; . # 1054 ; # 1088 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1050 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1084 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; , # 1086 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; , # 1095 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1089 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1091 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1102 ; # 1097 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1 078 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; , # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1078 ; # 1076 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1091 ; # 1097 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; . # 1060 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1091 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1091 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; , # 1095 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1100 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; , # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; , # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1100 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1091 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1073 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1084 ; # 1076 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1091 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; , # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1043 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; . # 1058 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1098 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; , # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1073 ; # 1080 ; # 1073 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1093 ; # 1101 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1091 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1103 ; # 1093 ; : # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; ( CambridgeUniversityLibrary ) , # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1099 ; ( # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1073 ; # 1080 ; # 1073 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; , # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1057 ; # 1082 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1081 ; # 1088 ; # 1070 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1103 ; # 1073 ; # 1080 ; # 1073 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; ) , # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; . # 1050 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1080 ; # 1042 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1091 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1079 ; # 1078 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1080 ; , # 1075 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1097 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; . # 1069 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; , # 1075 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1098 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1103 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1075 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1087 ; # 1087 ; # 1099 ; # 1076 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1091 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; . # 1050 ; # 1072 ; # 1078 ; # 1076 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1091 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1078 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1091 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; , # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1096 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; , # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; # 1073 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; # 1090 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; , # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1096 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1075 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1087 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1091 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 108 9 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1076 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; , # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1091 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1093 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1084 ; # 1099 ; # 1080 ; # 1073 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1103 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; , # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1087 ; # 1091 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; , # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1097 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; , # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1074 ; # 1094 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; . # 1050 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1103 ; # 1097 ; # 1077 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1103 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; 31 # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; , # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; , # 1052 ; # 1102 ; # 1088 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; # 1069 ; # 1076 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1076 ; # 1089 ; , # 1053 ; # 1100 ; # 1102 ; # 1085 ; # 1093 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1051 ; # 1102 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1050 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1096 ; , # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1091 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1097 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; . # 1044 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1096 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; , # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1103 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1096 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1084 ; # 1091 ; # 1078 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; . # 1044 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1083 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1074 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1091 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1100 ; # 1084 ; # 1091 ; # 1078 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1080 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1097 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; , # 1074 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1103 ; # 1063 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; , # 1050 ; # 1083 ; # 1101 ; # 1088 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1091 ; # 1078 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; , # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1097 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1074 ; 1972 # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; . # 1052 ; # 1072 ; # 1075 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1083 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1084 ; # 1091 ; # 1078 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; , # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1089 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1096 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1084 ; # 1074 ; 1988 # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; . # 1042 ; # 1050 ; # 1083 ; # 1101 ; # 1088 ; # 1061 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1044 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1091 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; , # 1080 ; # 1061 ; # 1100 ; # 1102 ; # 1079 ; # 1061 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; , # 1051 ; # 1102 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1050 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1096 ; , # 1057 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1082 ; # 1090 ; # 1069 ; # 1076 ; # 1084 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1042 ; # 1091 ; # 1083 ; # 1092 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; onlymature ( # 1090 ; . # 1077 ; . # 1086 ; # 1090 ; 21 # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1096 ; # 1077 ; ) # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; , # 1074 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; . # 1042 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1080 ; # 1073 ; # 1077 ; # 1079 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1079 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; . # 1050 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1103 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; , # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1072 ; # 1093 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; , # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1093 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; , # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1091 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; , # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1096 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1095 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; . # 1053 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1093 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1084 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; , # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; , # 1089 ; # 1063 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1103 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1082 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1091 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1093 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1077 ; , # 1074 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1103 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1076 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; , # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1057 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1082 ; # 1090 ; # 1050 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1073 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; . # 1062 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1076 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; ( # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1078 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1080 ; # 1094 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; # 1082 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; # 1087 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; ) # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; . # 1045 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; # 1074 ; # 1050 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; , # 1074 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1059 ; # 1101 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1090 ; # 1044 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; , # 1042 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1080 ; # 1056 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1072 ; , # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1103 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1095 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1050 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1044 ; # 1091 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1060 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; . # 1055 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1054 ; # 1089 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1084 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1091 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1072 ; # 1093 ; # 1050 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1076 ; # 1079 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; . # 1069 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; , # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; , # 1077 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1099 ; , # 1074 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1096 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1075 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1087 ; # 1087 ; # 1099 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; , # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1093 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1089 ; # 1095 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1092 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; . # 1057 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; , # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; , # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1096 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1101 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1076 ; # 1079 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; , # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1073 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1089 ; # 1091 ; # 1078 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1074 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; , # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1102 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1099 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; , # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; , # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1101 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; . # 1051 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1050 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1099 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1095 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1093 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1101 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1083 ; # 1102 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; . # 1057 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1091 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1093 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1083 ; # 1102 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1102 ; , # 1074 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; . # 1069 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1103 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1091 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 10 80 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1074 ; # 1050 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1080 ; # 1054 ; # 1082 ; # 1089 ; # 1092 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; ( # 1075 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1083 ; # 1102 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; , # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1091 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1073 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; ) # 1050 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1094 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1082 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1092 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1056 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1059 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1103 ; # 1084 ; # 1060 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1096 ; # 1074 ; # 1050 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; 1792 # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; . # 1064 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1099 ; , # 1092 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1091 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1092 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1042 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; 31 # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; , # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1077 ; 150 # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1092 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1088 ; , # 1092 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1091 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; , # 1096 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; , # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1091 ; # 1095 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1078 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; . # 1063 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1101 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; , # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; , # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1095 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1091 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1 076 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1084 ; # 1099 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1078 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; . # 1064 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1050 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1078 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1096 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1072 ; # 1076 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1075 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1087 ; # 1087 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1074 ; # 1103 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1092 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1091 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1087 ; # 108 6 ; # 1076 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; . # 1050 ; # 1072 ; # 1078 ; # 1076 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1083 ; # 1102 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1057 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1096 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1099 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; . # 1045 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1096 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; #

Philippine Telecommunications free essay sample

The Philippine Telecommunications Industry remains to be one of the most robust and fastest growing industries in the Philippines. This report will touch on the present state of the elecommunications industry, the regulatory environment, the broadband landscape, broadband technologies, and broadband equipment suppliers and investment opportunities. The Philippine telecommunication sector is estimated to have reached USD4. 0 billion in annual service provider revenues by end 2009. Growth in the next five years, however, is projected to experience a slow down due to the increasing saturation in the industry’s two main segments – cellular mobile and fixed line. This growth is estimated o be at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) in revenues of about 8% over the next five years, compared to a CAGR of 11% in the last five. Aside from cellular mobile and fixed line, the other segments of the telecommunication sector are on broadcast and broadband. For purposes of this report, it will touch briefly on cellular mobile, fixed line and broadcast segments but focus will be on the broadband segment which holds the most promise in regard to growth opportunities given that the cellular mobile and fixed line segments have already reached its saturation point and is expected to achieve flat or negative growth for 2009. We will write a custom essay sample on Philippine Telecommunications or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The dominant telcos are PLDT, Globe Telecom, Bayantel, and Digitel. Liberty Telecom is a previously inactive player that is expected to play a bigger role in the industry beginning with 2010. Liberty Telecom recently attracted attention when San Miguel Corporation, the Philippines’ largest food and beverage conglomerate, acquired a 32. 7% stake in the previously inactive telecom company. Liberty Telecom had previously been under corporate rehabilitation after trading of its stock was suspended in 2005 due to â€Å"excessive volatility†. San Miguel recently entered the telecommunication industry by establishing its wholly-owned subsidiary Vega Telecom, Inc. The company later partnered with Qatar Telecom (QTel) in drawing up plans for re-establishing the market presence of Liberty Telecom. The Philippine Telecommunications Report 2010 Page 2 Overview of industry landscape and key players Fixed Line Prior to 1993, Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDT) had been and continues to be the dominant carrier, being the first to establish a fixed line telecommunications infrastructure nationwide. Following the telecommunications liberalization in 1993, coupled with the introduction of the Service Area Scheme (SAS), the competitive environment drastically changed with the entry of 10 new entrants that resulted in lower tariffs and improved fixed line penetration. However as of 2008, relative to the SAS, only 50%i of the fixed line capacity has been utilized with only 3. 9 million fixed line subscribers, or a low fixed line penetration rate of only 4. 32%. i The low fixed line penetration rate is due mainly to the cellular mobile segment having overtaken the fixed line segment on account of faster roll-out and deployment of cellular mobile infrastructure. There are approximately 7. 45 million installed and 4. 89 million subscribed land lines as of 2008iii. Filipinos were mobile phone subscribers. The phenomenal growth was attributed to the popularity of SMS or â€Å"Text Messaging† with a little over 300 million text messages being sent daily as well as the availability of cheaper handsets brought about by the introduction of pre-paid services and over the air loading (electronic loads). The cellular mobile segment has been dominated by three (3) large telcos, namely Globe Telecom, Smart Communications and Sun Cellular with Globe Telecom pioneering the GSM platform followed by Smart Communications and later Sun Cellular.