The Difference in American and Chinese Culture Management Essay

The Difference in American and Chinese Culture Management - Essay Example The paper tells that Chinese have a high context culture, which is that they are found to be more socially oriented, to be more confrontation-avoiding, and to have more trouble dealing with new situations. Typically in a high context culture like that of China while applying Hofstede’s cultural dimensions is it can be drawn that Chinese have high power distance that is there is high inequality amongst people which can easily be observed in their conduct and behavior as the rich, higher in rank and the older in age are perceived as more powerful and authoritative members of the society for example, like at Motosuzhou most Chinese organizations have a bureaucratic organization structure with decision making, control and managing power lying in the hands of the top management. As compared to US-based firms who as per their cultural values have a lower power distance with a respect for equality allowing room for autonomy at lower levels of management as in the case of Electrowide, Inc. Secondly, individualism in Chinese culture is very low as compared to the US culture. Chinese have a highly collective society where people act in the interests of the group. Thirdly, Chinese culture dominates the role of men in their society making China a masculine society where men are preferred over women in the workforce and are given more benefits, offered higher salaries and favored over women. As the case study mentions men hold a higher proportion of the Chinese workforce as compared to women, â€Å"An overview of the labor force reveals that males account for slightly more than half of the workforce and occupy the great majority of leadership positions. Though traditional Chinese society is male-centered†¦ Furthermore, the instances where Tom and his male counterpart were more socially accepted at the casual get-togethers and meetings with the Motosuzhou team where Barb was mostly sidelined in discussions and conversations despite her fluent Chinese language sk ills. While on the contrary, in the US both men and women are given equal opportunities with no or very minimal gender bisness. Women are a huge part of social gatherings and conduct meetings, discussions, and conversations with men at ease. Fourthly, uncertainty avoidance is observed to be low in most high context cultures and the same holds true for China, Chinese are also risk-averse people. For instance, the dealings of Ai Hwa and Motosuzhou’s prolonged delay in discussing the joint venture (JV) details provides an example of Chinese being inherently ambiguous about their dealings. Furthermore, the incident before the article â€Å"Motosuzhou/Electrowide, Inc.: Guanxi in Jeopardy,† being published in the newspaper in the case study shows the extent of ambiguous dealings in China where the US officials (Tom and his counterparts) left Ai Hwa’s building confused. Culturally, uncertainty avoidance is high in the US where people like to keep things, clear, concis e, timely and planned ahead of time. Lastly, long-term orientation in China is high where people plan and prepare, aim and strategize in advance for the years to come. On the contrary, the US has low long-term orientation which can be one of the reasons for more organization becoming ‘learning organizations’ and the trick behind the fast pace of innovation in the US markets.

Construction Procurement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Construction Procurement - Essay Example There are different approaches to procuring projects. These approaches are complicated since they lack clarity and particular description of particular procurement routes. The common types of procurement routes available are; For this type of procurement route, the client develops the idea of the project and comes up with a budget. A consultant prepares the design and tender documents for the scope of work to be executed. It is the work of the client to appoint a suitable contractor to execute the work according to the design. The contractor has to complete the work within the specified time frame after an agreement on the contract amount. The contractor remains in a position to sublet the work although he remains liable to the client. During the execution of works, the consultant remains as the administrator, advising the contractor in matters pertaining to design, the progress of work and payment certificates ought to be paid by the client. The contractor is therefore obliged to execute work according to the design, failure of which may lead to his disqualification. To minimize these risks, some refinements are made to this method. This refinement is called Two stage tender. The contractor’s tender relies on consultant’s design partially. This is the stage 1 tender. Thereafter, the contractor will assist in the development of the design and complete tender documents. These documents are then used to develop tenders for the work to be executed (stage 2 tender).the party involved in stage 1 tender has the opportunity to participate in the construction stage. This refinement adds risks to the final tender sum, uncertainty in date of completion of the project. The only variance that is involved in this route is called contractor design portion. This involves the consultant completing most of the work in design. The contractor completes the rest. This is only applicable when special design input is needed.  Ã‚  

Exploring the use of outdoor play to support children's development in Essay

Exploring the use of outdoor play to support children's development in a nursery in Beckton - Essay Example One strategy seen as such is outdoor play. How useful, beneficial and challenging it is are the issues this study seeks to answer. 2.2. Significance This study can be significant in varied ways: It can be an impetus for the development of outdoor play as a vital strategy in providing meaningful early learning experiences to children; It can provide useful insights for policy making and curriculum development in nursery and pre-elementary education; and It can provide useful information for education stakeholders (school, family, community) in making use of outdoor play to promote the child’s total development. 2.3. Motivation Providing children with the best possible learning experiences that would make them enjoy schooling is what motivated the researcher to work on this topic. Knowing that children love to play, the researcher finds it interestingly relevant to explore the use of outdoor play to support children’s development, especially so that outdoor play had tradi tionally been the main strategy of nursery education (Lindon 2001, p. 125). As such underlying this study is the belief that a well-planned and well-supervised outdoor play would spell a big difference in children’s early development. 2.4. ... Introduction Learning should bring out the best in every individual. It should be enjoying and desirable especially learning in early years – the child’s formative years. Thus nursery schools must provide young children with meaningful learning experiences that would exploit their very nature – love for play. Play is inherent to a child’s growing-up. It helps develop the child physically, socially, psychologically, mentally and emotionally. This long-held belief has been affirmed consistently for years, showing how outdoor play supports the children’s development and what beneficial effects and challenges it entails. 3.2. Outdoor Play: Looking Back The central role of outdoor play in developing life skills in children may be traced back to Plato and Aristotle, with Plato defining the nursery stage (3 to 6 years) as the child’s period for playing and hearing children’s story and fairy tales; whereas Aristotle cited the need for children to be active and energetic as best acquired through outdoor play. (Frost 2010, pp. 10, 12) This antiquated view is consistently confirmed by later scholars essentially implying outdoor play as the best humane way of seeking one’s self-identity, worth and friendship. Since 19th century when childhood has been established as a distinct period of human life, the value of outdoor play to the child’s total development has been furthered. Noteworthy are the works of â€Å"Jean Jacques Rosseau, Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, Friedrich Froebel, Patty Smith Hill, Rachel McMillan and Margaret McMillan† (Wellhousen 2002, p. x). Their recognition of the educational importance of outdoor play – pioneered by Froebel and continued by Margaret McMillan (Thomas & Harding 2011, p. 13) – have made outdoor play together with

The Future of Access Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Future of Access Control - Essay Example This paper will examine the future of access control systems. Access control systems are being increasingly characterized by the convergence between the physical security of the facility and Information technology which is responsible for the security management of the facility which includes issues like authentication and logging. Access control methods can be broadly classified into three categories. Firstly, the visual recognition techniques which rely on a human to check the identity card issued to authorized personnel. This is the oldest form of access control and has several advantages like simplicity, ease of use, low implementation cost (though the cost is recurring in nature) and there is no requirement to always keep the password handy. There are disadvantages too like, the reliance on the human factor and the consequent scope for error; the identity cards can be easily duplicated and finally the low speed at which the checking takes place. Secondly we have the mechanical access control systems which can be characterized as the lock and key mechanism where the key acts as the physical identifier (Honey, Gerard 2005). This system has been used by humanity to secure physical spaces for a long time. The advantages are the simplicity of use and the low cost of implementation. However the disadvantages ar e that there is no way to prevent or regulate the duplication of an authorized key and there is no system to prevent or log unauthorized attempts. The third method of access control is the electrical access control systems which usually consist of an electromechanical lock which is operated by a set of valid keys. This method can be used imaginatively in various kinds of scenarios to provide differing levels of security. The advantages and the disadvantages of the mechanical access control systems are retained with the additional requirement of electrical cabling. The fourth method of access control is the electronic access control. This is proving to be an increasingly popular solution due to several factors. This method represents a convergence of electronics, Information Technology and physical access control. They can be broadly sub divided into three sub categories, keyboard based, smart based and biometrics based (Horrowitz,P and W. Hill 1992). The merits and demerits of each of these categories will be discussed in detail later in this paper. However all these electronic access control systems have the following advantages like a high level of security, increased flexibility in deployment resulting from a wide possibility for application, operation and small size. They also have some generic drawbacks like enhanced cost of deployment and the requirement of specialized knowledge for installation. Access control is about the continuing race between the increasingly complex access control systems and the people who are trying to gain unauthorized access. This demands a continually evolving technology. This paper will examine the future trends of access control systems and the various technologies associated with them. Types of Barriers and Design of Systems There are several types of barriers with each barrier having its own advantages and disadvantages. These advantages and di

Hiring FBI Agents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hiring FBI Agents - Essay Example This has been refined over the years that only the best of the candidate pool even makes it to a formal interview stage. The disadvantage to this process is that some excellent candidates may be looked over and denied an opportunity to advance within the FBI because of one test score that is just a few points off the mark. Such cut and dry approaches to determining the validity of candidates can backfire at times because it negates the human aspect of looking at other desirable qualities that might be present in excess and are just what the FBI is needing. Such a multiple hurdles approach to hiring would actually motivate to choose a career with the FBI, were I to be interested in that path. The special agent position is a coveted role within law enforcement (Bowman, Carlson, Colvin, & Green, 2006). It is an elite position that I would be proud to be a part of and it would be seen as a great life accomplishment were I to make it through the entire process and be hired by the FBI in this role. The complexity of the hiring process illustrates the seriousness by which the organization views the job. I would be lined up against the very best of the best, and this would serve to increase my level of motivation to pass each exam, ensure that my personal life was well rounded and possessed integrity, and work hard to eventually land the job. In the end, the FBI is not the only such law enforcement position that is coveted by such minded individuals today. As such, the process may be too long and drawn out to bring out the very best applicants in any giving hiring season. While the steps involved in the process do not necessarily need to change, the FBI might look at ways to sped up the process so individuals know much sooner where they stand in terms of the likelihood that they will actually be hired. This is important for many reasons. To begin, if the individual is in the middle of a long hiring

Analysis of Jewish Messianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of Jewish Messianism - Essay Example The messianic concept of the Christians believed Jesus to be a messiah or the Son of God. In Christianity, Daniel prophesied that a messiah would come to rebuild the Promised Land and bring peace to Israel by defeating the wicked. The Messiah would be the Son of Man and a descendant of King David and he would redeem the Holy Land from the Philistines. The hope of such a messiah can be traced in the history of the people of Israel. The main difference in the messianic concepts of Judaism and Christianity lies in the fact that in Christianity, Jesus, the Messiah, suffers for the sins of man and has to die to redeem humanity and reconcile it to God’s righteousness. In Jewish messianic beliefs, the Messiah is the upholder of God’s justice and His supremacy. The other point of difference is that unlike Christianity, Judaism does not believe in the resurrection. The traditional belief amongst the Christians that the Messiah must suffer and die for the cause of humanity is not resonated in the Jewish faith. Also, the spread of Christianity and the retaliation reeked by the Romans led the Jews to be skeptical of messiahs. The arrival of the Messiah is a belief that Jews hold very dear and await God’s benediction by following a path of intense piety and puritanical rules. To the Jews, the anointed messiah would bring the world back to God’s ways, restore the religious courts of justice, gather all the exiled under the fold of the holy land, restore the line of David, and so on. When Jesus was unable to realize all these expectations, the concept of Messianism in Christianity changed from being another Jewish messianic sect to a completely new religion.  Ã‚  

Are actors and professional athletes paid too much Essay - 1

Are actors and professional athletes paid too much - Essay Example Perhaps the life of glamor experienced by such individuals does not do much to dispel this argument. Among athletes idolized in terms of payments include Arnold Schwarzenegger; a former bodybuilder later turned actor and a governor of California. Arnold, who is better known for his roles in Conan the Barbarian and the Terminator and the Expendables, is rumored to be among those that are highly paid in the industry. What is interesting is that he has lived in both sides of the acting and athlete jobs. Others include Dwayne â€Å"the rock† Johnson, who rose to fame as a professional wrestler with WWE. According to the Hollywood Reporter Magazine, actors such as Robert Downey Jr. and Sandra Bullock top the list when it comes to payments. Downey Jr’s $ 75 million emanates from his 7 percent slice in Iron Man # and a whopping $12 million from HTC endorsement deal. However, before we roast actors and actresses due to their salaries, we should know that there seems to be some discrimination among the big stars and those not considered as big stars. â€Å"When you a big star, you get well paid, with the middle being cut out,† one top agent commented on the Hollywood Reporter magazine. So much so that, Leornardo DiCaprio earned $25 million for the hit movie The Wolf of Wall Street with co-star Jonah Hill only managing $600000. What’s more is that DiCaprio even got nominated for an Oscar because of his â€Å"troubles.† According to Hollywood Life, The Big Bang Theory Fans are â€Å"outraged† over the multi-million deal lead actors Jim Parsons, Kaley Cuoco-Sweeting, and Johnny Galecki have signed with CBC. What’s funny is that one would normally presume that fans would be thrilled by the news that their favorite sitcom actors would be bagging more. â€Å"Prior to the reported new deal, each actor was earning $350000. The trio has now tripled their paychecks having signed on for three